{"id":342,"date":"2025-08-04T11:46:31","date_gmt":"2025-08-04T03:46:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.idcyz.com\/blog\/?p=342"},"modified":"2025-08-04T11:46:31","modified_gmt":"2025-08-04T03:46:31","slug":"%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3c-enum-class%e7%9a%84%e9%ab%98%e6%95%88%e8%bf%90%e7%94%a8%e4%b8%8e%e6%9c%80%e4%bd%b3%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.idcyz.com\/blog\/342.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3C++ Enum Class\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u7528\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3C++\u4e2d\uff0c`enum class` \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\uff0c\u5b83\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u64cd\u793a\u8303\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 `Enum class`\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3C++<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\u7684\u51c6\u5907<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u7684C++\u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5047\u8bbe\u60a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u652f\u6301C++11\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982GCC\u6216Clang\u7b49\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff0c\u4ea6\u6216\u662f\u4f7f\u7528IDE\u5982Visual Studio\u3001Code::Blocks\u3001\u6216CLion\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fenum class\uff1f<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

`enum class` \u662fC++11\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c`enum class` \u907f\u514d\u4e86\u540d\u79f0\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u679a\u4e3e\u503c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u679a\u4e3e\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528enum class\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa41\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49enum class<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 `enum class`\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

enum class Color {<\/p>\r\n
    Red,<\/p>\r\n
    Green,<\/p>\r\n
    Blue<\/p>\r\n
};<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a `Color` \u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u679a\u4e3e\u503c\uff1a `Red`\uff0c`Green` \u548c `Blue`\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6b65\u9aa42\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528enum class<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 `enum class`\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u6307\u5b9a\u679a\u4e3e\u540d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Color myColor = Color::Red;<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5c06 `myColor` \u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a `Color` \u679a\u4e3e\u4e2d\u7684 `Red` \u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6b65\u9aa43\uff1a\u8f6c\u6362\u5230\u6574\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u5c06\u679a\u4e3e\u503c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 `static_cast`:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
int colorValue = static_cast<int>(myColor);<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6 `Red` \u7684\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6b65\u9aa44\uff1a\u904d\u5386enum class<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u679a\u4e3e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u57fa\u4e8e\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
for (int i = static_cast<int>(Color::Red); i <= static_cast<int>(Color::Blue); ++i) {<\/p>\r\n
    Color color = static_cast<Color>(i);<\/p>\r\n
    \/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6253\u5370\u7b49<\/p>\r\n
}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u5de7<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 `enum class` \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06 `Color` \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u503c\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u6574\u6570\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5c06 `myColor` \u76f4\u63a5\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
`enum class` \u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u503c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ece0\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c \u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5e0c\u671b\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u503c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u521d\u59cb\u503c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
enum class Color {<\/p>\r\n
    Red = 1,<\/p>\r\n
    Green,<\/p>\r\n
    Blue<\/p>\r\n
};<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c `Red` \u4f1a\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a1\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u7684 `Green` \u548c `Blue` \u5206\u522b\u4e3a2\u548c3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u540d\u5b57\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u56e0\u4e3a `enum class` \u4f1a\u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u503c\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
enum class Shape {<\/p>\r\n
    Circle,<\/p>\r\n
    Square<\/p>\r\n
};<\/p>\r\n\r\n
enum class Color {<\/p>\r\n
    Circle,<\/p>\r\n
    Triangle<\/p>\r\n
};<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u5728switch\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 `enum class` \u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 `switch<\/code>` \u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
switch (myColor) {<\/p>\r\n
    case Color::Red:<\/p>\r\n
        \/\/ \u5904\u7406Red<\/p>\r\n
        break;<\/p>\r\n
    case Color::Green:<\/p>\r\n
        \/\/ \u5904\u7406Green<\/p>\r\n
        break;<\/p>\r\n
    case Color::Blue:<\/p>\r\n
        \/\/ \u5904\u7406Blue<\/p>\r\n
        break;<\/p>\r\n
}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u652f\u6301C++11\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 `enum class`\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u7c7b\u578b\u6df7\u6dc6\uff1a<\/strong> \u5207\u52ff\u5c06 `enum class` \u4e0e\u666e\u901a `enum` \u6df7\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u9020\u6210\u7c7b\u578b\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u663e\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a<\/strong> \u6bcf\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee `enum class` \u7684\u503c\u65f6\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u524d\u7f00\u9886\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5197\u957f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9 `enum class` \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002C++\u7684\u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b\u7279\u6027\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528 `enum class` \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u8d77\u70b9\u3002<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u5728\u73b0\u4ee3C++\u4e2d\uff0c`enum class` \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\uff0c\u5b83\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u64cd\u793a\u8303\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 `Enum class`\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":343,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[191,192,190],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jiushu","tag-c","tag-class","tag-enum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.idcyz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.idcyz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.idcyz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.idcyz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.idcyz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=342"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.idcyz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":345,"href":"https:\/\/www.idcyz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342\/revisions\/345"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.idcyz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/343"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.idcyz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.idcyz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=342"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.idcyz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=342"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.idcyz.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}